Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder. Some people have no symptoms, while others develop episodes of upper abdominal pain, nausea or digestive discomfort. Symptoms can overlap with other abdominal conditions, so the diagnosis should be based on clinical assessment rather than symptoms alone.
How gallbladder symptoms are assessed
Assessment usually includes the pattern and location of pain, associated symptoms, examination and appropriate investigations. Ultrasound is commonly used to look for gallstones and gallbladder inflammation. Blood tests may also be advised when there is concern about infection, inflammation, liver function or blockage of the bile ducts.
When surgery may be considered
When gallstones are causing repeated symptoms or complications, removal of the gallbladder may be discussed. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly used surgical approach, but suitability depends on the individual case. The surgeon should explain the reason for surgery, alternatives, important risks and what to expect during recovery.
Before an operation
Patients should share details of current medicines, allergies, previous operations and important medical conditions. Fasting instructions, medication changes and pre-operative tests should follow the plan provided by the treating team rather than generic advice from the internet.
Recovery and follow-up
Most recovery advice depends on the operation performed and the patient’s condition. Wound care, activity, diet, driving and return to work should be discussed at discharge. New or worsening symptoms after surgery should be reported according to the instructions given by the surgical team.
When urgent assessment is important
Severe or persistent abdominal pain, fever, repeated vomiting, jaundice, marked weakness or rapidly worsening symptoms need prompt medical assessment. These features can indicate complications that should not be managed by delaying care.
Patient information: This page provides general education only. A diagnosis and treatment plan should be based on examination and appropriate investigations.